電纜故障檢測中經常應用的檢測設備

       電力設施在我們國家的經濟建設中有著舉足輕重的地位，隨著我們國家各行各業(ye)在電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)應用范圍越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣(guang)泛，各種類(lei)型的電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)率也(ye)在不斷上升，而且故(gu)障(zhang)類(lei)型也(ye)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)。因此對電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)檢測儀設(she)備的要(yao)求也(ye)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高。那么在日常電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)搶修工作(zuo)中，經常應用的電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)檢測設(she)備有那些？

       當發現地埋性質或者架空性質的電纜送不上電或者是送電后就跳閘的現象，就基本判定電纜發生故障了，接下來就需要電工進行故障類型判別及排障修復工作，一般情況下電纜故障檢測需要通過以下幾部進行。

一(yi)、搖表（兆歐表）測量電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣阻值：

       測(ce)量(liang)(liang)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)時，使用(yong)兆(zhao)歐(ou)(ou)表(1千伏(fu)以下的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，用(yong)1000伏(fu)的兆(zhao)歐(ou)(ou)表；1千伏(fu)以上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，用(yong)2500伏(fu)的兆(zhao)歐(ou)(ou)表)來測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線(xian)芯之間(jian)和線(xian)芯對地的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)；進(jin)行“導通試驗”時，將電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的末端三相短接，用(yong)萬用(yong)表在電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的首端測(ce)量(liang)(liang)芯線(xian)之間(jian)的電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。首先使用(yong)兆(zhao)歐(ou)(ou)表測(ce)量(liang)(liang)故障電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的各項間(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)，再測(ce)量(liang)(liang)故障電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)各項對地絕(jue)緣(yuan)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)就能判斷出該(gai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)是其中的某一項發生異常，確定出該(gai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的故障項。

二、使用(yong)電纜故障測試儀測量(liang)故障距離

       當(dang)發生(sheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)項(xiang)被確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)以后，此時(shi)就需要使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)試儀測(ce)試出故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)始端至故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點的(de)(de)大致距(ju)離(li)，此項(xiang)工作是為了我們后面對故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)精確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)給(gei)出參考，首(shou)先(xian)使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)試的(de)(de)測(ce)試夾子(zi)（紅色(se)(se)夾子(zi)端）接故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)項(xiang)，黑(hei)色(se)(se)夾子(zi)連接故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)任(ren)意項(xiang)，使(shi)用低壓脈(mo)沖(chong)法(fa)給(gei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁脈(mo)沖(chong)信(xin)號，磁脈(mo)沖(chong)信(xin)號在故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)傳(chuan)輸的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕緣(yuan)阻值的(de)(de)變化(hua)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)試儀反射回一個波形(xing)，通過反射波形(xing)就大致可以判斷(duan)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)類型，這(zhe)時(shi)通過波形(xing)卡位(wei)就可以計(ji)算出故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)始端至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點的(de)(de)大致距(ju)離(li)。

使用電(dian)纜故障測試儀進行故障測距

電纜故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測試儀計算出故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)的距離

三(san)、查找電纜路徑

       發生故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)項被確定(ding)，使用電(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)測試儀檢測出故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)大致(zhi)距(ju)離以后，對于(yu)地(di)埋(mai)電(dian)纜(lan)因(yin)為(wei)建設敷(fu)設的(de)時間或者(zhe)因(yin)為(wei)敷(fu)設人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)流動等(deng)因(yin)素，很(hen)多(duo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)埋(mai)向及(ji)埋(mai)深無法獲(huo)取到準確真實的(de)數(shu)據，對于已知故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)電纜(lan)敷(fu)設圖紙資料不齊全(quan)或電纜(lan)路(lu)徑埋向不明(ming)的，可通(tong)過(guo)音頻感應探測法和脈沖磁(ci)場(chang)法，找出(chu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)電纜(lan)的敷(fu)設路(lu)徑和埋沒(mei)深度，以便進行定(ding)點精測。

電纜故障路徑查找設備(bei)

電纜路徑查找

四、故障電纜直(zhi)流高(gao)壓(ya)沖(chong)閃(shan)

當我(wo)們使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)纜路徑(jing)(jing)查找設備按照電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)路徑(jing)(jing)及電(dian)(dian)纜故(gu)障(zhang)測試儀測算出的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)距離，沿電(dian)(dian)纜路徑(jing)(jing)到達故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)大(da)致(zhi)位置之后，此時就需要使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)高(gao)壓信(xin)號(hao)發生器對(dui)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)相施加高(gao)壓閃絡信(xin)號(hao)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)得故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)點暴露放電(dian)(dian)，當高壓發生器對故障電纜進行直流高壓沖擊，使故障點擊穿放電，放電產生的機械振動傳到地面，之后就可以利用高壓沖擊放電瞬間的強大電磁場信號和地表振動。

電纜故(gu)障檢測高(gao)壓信號(hao)發生器

五(wu)、電(dian)纜故障點(dian)精(jing)確(que)定(ding)位

當(dang)對故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)施加(jia)高壓直(zhi)流沖擊后，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊穿放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)定點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀就可以利(li)用放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖磁場(chang)作為同步信號，對聲音(yin)(yin)(yin)進行數字化采(cai)樣(yang)，將聲音(yin)(yin)(yin)波(bo)形(xing)顯(xian)示出來(lai)，波(bo)形(xing)可以持(chi)(chi)續(xu)保持(chi)(chi)，避免了(le)聲音(yin)(yin)(yin)轉瞬即(ji)逝的(de)缺(que)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而且故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波(bo)形(xing)和(he)噪聲有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)區別，更(geng)重要的(de)是多次(ci)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)聲音(yin)(yin)(yin)波(bo)形(xing)均非(fei)常相(xiang)似，當(dang)觀(guan)察到多次(ci)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)聲音(yin)(yin)(yin)波(bo)形(xing)相(xiang)同時(shi)，可以明確(que)判斷已經采(cai)集到了(le)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲音(yin)(yin)(yin)。當(dang)我們用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)定點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀的(de)探(tan)頭探(tan)測到的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲音(yin)(yin)(yin)最大，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波(bo)形(xing)也最大的(de)時(shi)候，就可以判定當(dang)前位置(zhi)(zhi)為故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)。

電纜故障精確定點儀

   通過以上五(wu)步(bu)就(jiu)可以完成對故障(zhang)電(dian)纜(lan)的精確定(ding)位，此時按照定(ding)點儀(yi)設定(ding)的位置進行開挖(wa)后，找到電(dian)纜(lan)故障(zhang)點就(jiu)行修復即(ji)可恢(hui)復供電(dian)。

電纜(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)（測試儀/檢測儀/定位(wei)儀/定點儀/測距儀）地埋(mai)電纜(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)定位(wei)服務廠家-光(guang)大百納