1.絕緣強度實驗:
電線(xian)電纜(lan)的絕緣(yuan)(yuan)強度是指絕緣(yuan)(yuan)結構和(he)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)材料接受電場作用而不發生擊穿損壞的才能,為(wei)了檢查電線(xian)電纜(lan)產(chan)品(pin)質量,保證產(chan)品(pin)能安全(quan)運轉,所有絕緣(yuan)(yuan)類型的電線(xian)電纜(lan)一般(ban)都要進行絕緣(yuan)(yuan)強度實驗。
絕緣強(qiang)度實驗(yan)可分為耐(nai)壓(ya)實驗(yan)和擊穿(chuan)實驗(yan)。耐(nai)電(dian)壓(ya)實驗(yan)是在必定條件下對試品施加必定的(de)電(dian)壓(ya),在閱歷必定時(shi)(shi)刻(ke)后,以是否(fou)發生擊穿(chuan)作為判斷試品是否(fou)合格的(de)規(gui)范。時(shi)(shi)刻(ke)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)一般高(gao)于該試品的(de)額外作業電(dian)壓(ya),具體(ti)電(dian)壓(ya)值和耐(nai)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)刻(ke),產品規(gui)范中均(jun)有規(gui)則。
經過耐壓(ya)實(shi)驗能(neng)夠(gou)檢測產(chan)品在(zai)(zai)作(zuo)業電壓(ya)下運轉的(de)(de)可靠性和發現絕緣中的(de)(de)嚴(yan)峻(jun)缺點(dian)(dian),也可發現生產(chan)工(gong)藝的(de)(de)一些缺點(dian)(dian),如:絕緣有(you)(you)嚴(yan)峻(jun)外(wai)部損(sun)害,導體上有(you)(you)使電場急劇畸變(bian)的(de)(de)嚴(yan)峻(jun)缺點(dian)(dian);絕緣在(zai)(zai)生產(chan)中有(you)(you)穿透(tou)性缺點(dian)(dian)或大的(de)(de)導電雜質等(deng)。
擊穿(chuan)實(shi)驗是(shi)在必定的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗條件下,升(sheng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)直到試品發(fa)生(sheng)擊穿(chuan)停止(zhi),丈量擊穿(chuan)場(chang)(chang)強或(huo)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。經過(guo)擊穿(chuan)實(shi)驗能(neng)夠考核電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)才能(neng)與作(zuo)(zuo)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)裕(yu)度(du)。擊穿(chuan)場(chang)(chang)強時電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)規(gui)劃中的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)參數之(zhi)一(yi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在運轉中一(yi)般接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)溝通電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),但在直流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中及某些特殊場(chang)(chang)合也有接(jie)受直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de),關于高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)還可能(neng)要(yao)遭受大氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian))和操作(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)襲(xi)擊。因而,按實(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波形的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同,能(neng)夠分(fen)為1.溝通(工頻)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、2.直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、3沖擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)三種(zhong)絕緣強度(du)實(shi)驗。
2.部分放(fang)電丈(zhang)量:
這首要針對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)擠塑(su)電(dian)(dian)纜。由于(yu)充油電(dian)(dian)纜基本上沒(mei)有部分(fen)(fen)發電(dian)(dian);油紙電(dian)(dian)纜即使有部分(fen)(fen)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian),通常(chang)也(ye)是(shi)很微弱的(de)(de)(de)如(ru)幾個(ge)PC,因(yin)而(er)這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)纜在(zai)出(chu)廠實驗中能(neng)夠不測部分(fen)(fen)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)。而(er)擠塑(su)電(dian)(dian)纜卻(que)相反,不但產生部分(fen)(fen)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)性大(da),而(er)且部分(fen)(fen)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)對(dui)塑(su)料、橡皮的(de)(de)(de)損壞也(ye)比較嚴峻,跟著電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級的(de)(de)(de)進步,作業場強的(de)(de)(de)進步,這問題(ti)就顯得更加嚴峻,因(yin)而(er)對(dui)高壓(ya)(ya)擠塑(su)電(dian)(dian)纜,在(zai)出(chu)廠實驗中都(dou)要做部分(fen)(fen)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)丈量。
3.老化及穩定性(xing)實驗:
老化實驗(yan)(yan)即是在(zai)(zai)(zai)應(ying)力(li)(機械、電(dian)、熱(re))作用下,能(neng)(neng)否堅持功(gong)能(neng)(neng)穩定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)性實驗(yan)(yan)。簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)老化實驗(yan)(yan)是檢測(ce)試(shi)品(pin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)作用下發生老化的(de)(de)(de)特性:把試(shi)品(pin)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)高于額外作業溫度(du)溫度(du)必定(ding)(ding)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中,閱歷規則時刻后(hou),丈量某些靈敏功(gong)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)老化前后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)變化來(lai)鑒定(ding)(ding)老化特性。也(ye)能(neng)(neng)夠用進步溫度(du)加快試(shi)品(pin)老化,再加上受潮、振蕩、電(dian)場等(deng)熱(re)、機、電(dian)等(deng)應(ying)力(li)組(zu)成一個(ge)老化周期,每個(ge)老化周期之后(hou),測(ce)定(ding)(ding)某些選定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)靈敏功(gong)能(neng)(neng)參數(shu)。直到(dao)該功(gong)能(neng)(neng)下降到(dao)表認壽數(shu)之值(zhi)。這樣(yang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)下,得(de)到(dao)較(jiao)短的(de)(de)(de)壽數(shu)(試(shi)樣(yang)加熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)時刻)。